Relatively complete citations for the literature referenced in text of The Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are provided here; some of the citations may seem extraneous to the project, but do include some taxonomic, systematic, and/or ecological information pertinent to taxa known or thought likely to occur in the Park and adjacent states.
Altman, L.C. 1936. Oligochaeta of Washington. University of Washington Publications in Biology 4: 1-137.
Barta, J.R., and R.T. Sawyer. 1990. Definition of a new genus of glossiphoniid leech and a redescription of the type species, Clepsine picta Verrill, 1872. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68(9): 1942-1950.
Bartolomaeus, T. 1997. Chaetogenesis in polychaetous Annelida – Significance for annelid systematics and the position of the Pogonophora. Zoology – Analysis of Complex Systems 100(4): 348-364.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1982. Evolution in the Annelida. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60(5): 1043-1059.
Brinkhurst, R O. 1985. The generic and subfamilial classification of Naididae (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98(2): 470-475.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1986. Guide to the freshwater aquatic microdrile oligochaetes of North America. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 84. vi + 259 pp. Note that this publication is now out of print; it is superseded by Kathman and Brinkhurst (1998); citation below.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the Haplotaxidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(10): 2243-2252.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis of the Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 67(11): 2731-2739.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991a. Ancestors. Mitteilungen Hamburg Zoologisches Museum und Institüt 88(1): 97-110.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991b. A phylogenetic analysis of the Tubificinae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69(2): 392-397.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991c. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69(8): 2031-2040.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1992. Evolutionary relationships within the Clitellata. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 24(12): 1202-1205.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1994. Evolutionary relationships within the Clitellata: an update. Megadrilogica 5(10: 109-112.
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1999a. Retrospect and prospect: reflections on forty years of study of aquatic oligochaetes. Hydrobiologia 406: 9-19. [this issue of Hydrobiologia reprinted as: Healy, B.M., T.B. Reynoldson, and K.A. Coates, Editors. 1999.]
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1999b. Lumbriculids, branchiobdellidans and leeches: an overview of recent progress in phylogenetic research on clitellates. Hydrobiologia 406: 281-290. [this issue of Hydrobiologia reprinted as: Healy, B.M., T.B. Reynoldson, and K.A. Coates, Editors. 1999.]
Brinkhurst, R.O., and S.R. Gelder. 1989. Did the lumbriculids provide the ancestors of the branchiobdellidans, acanthobdellidans and leeches? Hydrobiologia 180: 7-15.
Brinkhurst, R.O.; Gelder, S.R. 1991. Annelida: Oligochaeta and Branchiobdellida. Pp. 401-435, In: J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich, eds. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press – Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. Please note: A second edition of this book, citation provided below, was published in early 2001 and is now available from the Publisher.
Brinkhurst, R.O.; Gelder, S.R. 2001. Annelida: Oligochaeta, including Branchiobdellidae. Pp. 431-463, In: J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich, eds. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2nd edition. ISBN # 0-12-690647-5. Academic Press – Harcourt Science and Technology Co., 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495 USA.
Web site: http://www.academicpress.com/brochures/academicpress/.
Brinkhurst, R.O., and B.G M. Jamieson. 1971: Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, and Buffalo, NY. xi + 860 pp. [out of print].
Brinkhurst, R.O., and A.F.L. Nemec. 1987. A comparison of phenetic and phylogenetic methods applied to the systematics of Oligochaeta. Hydrobiologia 155: 65-74.
Brinkhurst, R.O., and M.J. Wetzel. 1984. Aquatic Oligochaeta of the world: Supplement. A catalogue of new freshwater species, descriptions, and revisions. Canadian Tech. Rpt. Hydrography Ocean Sci. No. 44. v + 101 pp.
Britton, D.K., & M.J. Wetzel. 1999. First records for freshwater oligochaetes (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Naididae) in the Hawaiian Islands with notes on their association with an alien snail (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ampullariidae). Occasional Papers of the Bishop Museum – Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1998. 59(Part 2): 39-42.
Christensen, B., and B.F. Thiesen. 1998. Phylogenetic status of the family Naididae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) as inferred from DNA analysis. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 36, 169-172.
Coates, K.A. 1987. Phylogenetics of some Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta): A preliminary investigation of relationships to the Haplotaxidae. Hydrobiologia 155: 91-106.
Coates, K.A. 1989. Phylogeny and origins of Enchytraeidae. Hydrobiologia 180: 17-33.
Cox, P. (Ed.). The Great Smoky Mountains National Park All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory: A Search for Species in Our Own Backyard. Southeastern Naturalist 6 (Special Issue 1). 238 pp.
Davies, R.W. 1991. Annelida: Leeches, polychaetes, and acanthobdellids. Pp. 437-479, In: J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich, eds. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press – Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California, 92101-9665 USA. Tel.: 1-800 – 321-5068 (catalog # 690645-9)] [PLEASE NOTE: A second edition of this book, cited below, was published in early 2001 and is now available from the Publisher].
Davies, R.W., and F.R. Govedich. 2001. Annelida: Euhirudinea and Acanthobdellidae. Pp. 465-504, In: J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich, eds. Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2nd edition. ISBN # 0-12-690647-5. Academic Press – Harcourt Science and Technology Co., 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495 USA. Web site: http://www.academicpress.com
Di Maio, J., and D.F. Stacey. 1998. New distribution records of aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida) from running waters in Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 112(1): 69-74.
Envall, I., M. Källersjö, and C. Erséus. 2006. Molecular evidence for the non-monophyletic status of Naidinae (Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40, 570-584.
Erséus, C. 1987. Phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic Oligochaeta under the principle of parsimony. Hydrobiologia 155: 75-89.
Erséus, C. 1990. Cladistic analysis of the subfamilies within the Tubificidae (Oligochaeta). Zoologica Scripta 19(1): 57-63.
Erséus, C. 2005. Phylogeny of oligochaetous Clitellata. Hydrobiologia 535/536, 357-372.
Erséus, C., and L. Gustavsson. 2002. A proposal to regard the former family Naididae as a subfamily within Tubificidae (Annelida, Clitellata). Hydrobiologia 485: 253-256.
Erséus, C., L. Gustavsson, L., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 2005. Case 3305. Tubificidae Vejdovský, 1876 (Annelida, Clitellata): proposed precedence over Naididae Ehrenberg, 1828. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 62, 226-231.
Erséus, C., and C.M. Källersjö. 2004. 18S rDNA phylogeny of Clitellata (Annelida). Zoologica Scripta 33(2): 187-196.
Erséus, C., M. Källersjö, M. Ekman, and R. Hovmöller. 2002. 18S rDNA phylogeny of the Tubificidae (Clitellata) and its constituent taxa: dismissal of the Naididae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22(3): 414-422.
Erséus, C., T. Prestegaard, and M. Källersjö. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of Tubificidae (Annelida, Clitellata) based on 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15(3): 381-389.
Erséus, C., M.J. Wetzel, and L. Gustavsson. 2008. ICZN rules–a farewell to Tubificidae (Annelida, Clitellata). Zootaxa 1744: 66-68.
Fauchald, K., and G. Rouse. 1997. Polychaete systematics: past and present. Zoologica Scripta 26(2): 71-138.
Gelder, S.R. 1996. A review of the taxonomic nomenclature and a checklist of the species of the Branchiobdellae (Annelida: Clitellata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109 (4): 653-663.
Gelder, S R., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1990. An assessment of the phylogeny of the Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata), using PAUP. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68(6): 1318-1326.
Fend, S.V. 2005. A review of the genus Eclipidrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae), with description of a new species from western North America. Zootaxa 969:1-42.
Fend, S.V., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 2000. New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia 428:1-59.
Fend, S.V., and D.L. Gustafson. 2001. A new lumbriculid genus and species from North America (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae). Hydrobiologia 463:13-22.
Fend, S.V., and D.R. Lenat. 2007. Two genera of Lumbriculidae (Annelida, Clitellata) from North Carolina, USA. Zootaxa 1666: 1-22.
Fend, S.V., and P. Rodriguez. 2003. Eremidrilus n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) and new species from California, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81(3):515-542.
Gelder, S R., N.L. Gagnon, and K. Nelson. 2002. Taxonomic considerations and distribution of the Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata) on the North American continent. Northeastern Naturalist 9(4): 451-468.
Holt, P.C. 1986. Newly established families of the order Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata) with a synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 676-702.
Holt, P.C. 1989. Comments on the classification of the Clitellata. Hydrobiologia 180: 1-5.
Holt, P.C., and B.D. Opell. 1993. A checklist of and illustrated key to the genera and species of the Central and North American Cambarincolidae (Clitellata: Branchiobdellida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106(2): 251-295.
Howmiller, R., & M.S. Loden. 1976. Identification of Wisconsin Tubificidae and Naididae. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science Arts & Letters 64: 185-197.
International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN]. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature [the Code]. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, c/o Natural History Museum, London. i-xxix, + 306 pp. [online version at http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp]
International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN]. 2007. Opinion 2167 (Case 3305). Naididae Ehrenberg, 1828 (Annelida, Clitellata): precedence over Tubificidae Vejdovský, 1876 maintained. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 64, 71-72.
James, S. 2000. Where is that worm? ATBI Quarterly [newsletter of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Discover Life in America, and Friends of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park]. Autumn Newsletter 2000, p. 6.
Jamieson, B G.M. 1978. Phylogenetic and phenetic systematics of the opisthoporous Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata). Evol. Theor. 3(4): 195-233.
Jamieson, B.G.M. 1980. Preliminary discussion of an Hennigian analysis of the phylogeny and systematics of opisthoporous oligochaetes. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol 17(2): 261-275.
Jamieson, B.G.M. 1988. On the phylogeny and higher classification of the Oligochaeta. Cladistics 4: 367-410.
Jones, S.R.M., and P.T.K. Woo. 1990. Redescription of the leech Desserobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) n.comb. (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae), with notes on its biology and occurrence on fishes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68(9): 1951-1955.
Kasprzak, K. 1982. Problems of the origin of oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Prezgl. Zool. 26: 145-160. (English translation, Can. Transl. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 4996).
Kasprzak, K. 1984. The previous and contemporary conceptions on phylogeny and systematic classifications of Oligochaeta (Annelida). Ann. Zool. (Polska Akad. Nauk Inst. Zool.) 38: 205-223.
Kathman, R.D. 1985. Synonymy of Pristinella jenkinae (Naididae: Oligochaeta). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98(4): 1022-1027.
Kathman, R.D., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1998; 1999. Guide to the freshwater oligochaetes of North America. Aquatic Resources Center, College Grove, TN 37046 USA. iv + 264 pp. USD $55.00 (post paid). If interested in obtaining a copy of this guide, please contact MJWetzel, who will provide you with contact information for Dr. Kathman.
Kathman, R.D., and M.J. Wetzel. 2003. Allonais inaequalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116(3): 548-556.
Klemm, D.J. 1985a. Freshwater Polychaeta (Annelida). Pp. 14-23, In: D.J. Klemm, ed. A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, naidid and tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.
Klemm, D.J. 1985b. Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea). Pp. 70-173, In: D.J. Klemm, ed. A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, naidid and tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA.
Klemm, D.J., ed. 1985c. A guide to the freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, naidid and tubificid Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea) of North America. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA. xiii + 198 pp.
Klemm, D.J. 1995. Identification guide to the freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of Florida and other southern states. V + 82 pp. {Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Bioassessment Program, [3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000 USA} This guide is available, without charge, by visiting the following website: https://floridadep.gov/dear/bioassessment/content/macroinvertebrate-taxonomic-keys – then scrolling down the page to ‘Leeches.pdf’ for a PDF copy (size: 3.1 MB), or to ‘Leechx.exe’ for an electronic copy as a self-extracting .zip file to html (size: 1.8 MB)].
Kojima, S. 1998. Paraphyletic status of Polychaeta suggested by phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of elongation factor-1 alpha. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(2): 255-261.
Madill, J., K.A. Coates, M.J. Wetzel, S.R. Gelder. 1992. Common and scientific names of aphanoneuran and clitellate annelids of the United States and Canada. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24(12): 1259-1262.
Martin, P., E. Martínez-Ansemil, A. Pinder, T. Timm, and M.J. Wetzel. 2008. Global diversity of oligochaetous clitellates (“Oligochaeta”; Clitellata) in freshwater. Pp. 117-127, In: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. Martens, eds. Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia 595(1). Access this paper as an on-line (html) file HERE.
Milligan, M.R. 1995. Identification manual for the aquatic Oligochaeta of Florida, Volume II. Estuarine and nearshore marine oligochaetes. xvi + 239 pp. + Appendix A (14 pp). {Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Bioassessment Program, [3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000 USA} This guide is available, without charge, by visiting the following website: https://floridadep.gov/dear/bioassessment/content/macroinvertebrate-taxonomic-keys – then scrolling down the page to ‘Oligoest.pdf’ for a PDF copy (size: 8.6 MB) [note that Volume !! was published before Volume I]
Milligan, M.R. 1997. Identification manual for the aquatic Oligochaeta of Florida, Volume I. Freshwater oligochaetes. v + 187 pp. {Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Bioassessment Program, [3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Tallahassee, FL 32399-3000 USA} This guide is available, without charge, by visiting the following website: https://floridadep.gov/dear/bioassessment/content/macroinvertebrate-taxonomic-keys – then scrolling down the page to ‘Oligofw.pdf’ for a PDF copy (size: 5.7 MB)]. [note that Volume ! was published after VolumeI]
Moser, W.E., D.J. Klemm, D.J. Richardson, B.A. Wheeler, S.A. Trauth, and B.A. Daniels. 2006. Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinida) of Northern Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 60: 84-95.
Moser, W.E., R.W. Van Devender, and D.J. Klemm. 2005. Life history and distribution of the leech Oligobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900) (Euhirudinea: Glossiphoniidae). Comparative Parasitology 72(1): 17-21.
Nemec, A.F.L., and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1987. A comparison of methodological approaches to the subfamilial classification of the Naididae (Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 65(3): 691-707.
Omodeo, P. 1998. History of Clitellata. Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 51-73.
Parker, S.P. 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill, New York. 1,232 pp.
Purschke, G. 1999. Terrestrial polychaetes – models for the evolution of the Clitellata (Annelida)? Hydrobiologia 406: 87-99. [this issue of Hydrobiologia reprinted as: Healy, B.M., T.B. Reynoldson, and K.A. Coates, Editors. 1999.]
Purschke, G., W. Westheide, D. Rohde, and R.O. Brinkhurst. 1993. Morphological reinvestigation and phylogenetic relationship of Acanthobdella peledina (Annelida, Clitellata). Zoomorphology 113(2): 91-101.
Reeves, W.K., and J.W. Reynolds. 1999. New records of cave-dwelling earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Naididae) and other annelids (Aeolosomatida, Branchiobdellida and Hirudinea) in the southeastern United States, with notes on their biology. Megadrilogica 7(10): 64-70.
Reynolds, J.W. 1969. The effect of elevation on earthworm density, biomass and species diversification in Liriodendron stands. [unpublished report, 25 pp.]
Reynolds, J.W. 1971. The effects of altitude, soil moisture and soil acidity on earthworm (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae and Lumbricidae) density, biomass and species diversification in Liriodendron tulipifera L. stands in two areas of east Tennessee. Southeast. Biol. Bull. 18(2): 52.
Reynolds, J.W. 1972. Contributions to North American earthworms No. 2. The activity and distribution of earthworms in tulip poplar stands in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Sevier County, Tennessee (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, and Megascolecidae). Bulletin of Tall Timbers Research Station 11: 41-57.
Reynolds, J.W. 1974. Checklist, distribution and key to the Lumbricidae in Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 49(1): 16-20.
Reynolds, J.W. 1977a. The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). II. Sparganophilidae, with the description of a new species. Megadrilogica 3(3): 61-64.
Reynolds, J.W. 1977b. The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). III. Komarekionidae, with notes on distribution and biology. Megadrilogica 3(4): 65-69.
Reynolds, J.W. 1978. The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). IV. Megascolecidae, with notes on distribution, biology and a key to the species in the state. Megadrilogica 3(7): 117-129.
Reynolds, J.W. 1980. The earthworm family Sparganophilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in North America. Megadrilogica 3(12): 189-204.
Reynolds, J.W. 1994. The earthworms of North Carolina (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae). Megadrilogica 5(6): 53-72.
Reynolds, J.W. 2001. The earthworms of South Carolina (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae). Megadrilogica 8(7): 25-36. Megadrilogica 23(1): 1–50.
Reynolds, J.W. 2018. First earthworm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) species’ collections in Canada and the Continental United States. Megadrilogica 23(1): 1–50.
Reynolds, J.W. 2022. The Earthworms (Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae) in Canada. Ottawa:Canadian Food Inspection Agency, i + 179 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-660-44874-9]
Reynolds, J.W., E.E.C. Clebsch, and W.M. Reynolds. 1974. Contributions to North American earthworms (Oligochaeta) No. 13. The earthworms of Tennessee (Oligochaeta). I. Lumbricidae. Bulletin of the Tall Timbers Research Station No. 17. viii + 133 pp.
Reynolds, J.W., and D.G. Cook. 1976. Nomenclatura oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Univ. New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick. x + 217 pp. [This catalog, and the first supplement, cited below, are now out of print. Dr. Reynolds is trying to locate copies that can be made available for purchase; information to this effect will be posted here as soon as copies are {hopefully} located (updated info: 19 March 2004)]. the second and third supplements, also cited below, may be available, at no charge, from the New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB, Canada E2K 1E5.]. However, we recommend that you visit the on-line, second edition of this nomenclator, HERE.
Reynolds, J.W., and D.G. Cook. 1981. Nomenclatura oligochaetologica. Supplementum primum. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. [published by the University of New Brunswick] Fredericton, New Brunswick. v + 39 pp. [the second and third supplements, cited here and below, may be available, at no charge, from the New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB, Canada E2K 1E5.]. However, we recommend that you visit the on-line, second edition of this nomenclator, HERE.
Reynolds, J.W., and D.G. Cook. 1989. Nomenclatura oligochaetologica. Supplementum secundum. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. New Brunswick Mus. Monogr. Ser. (Nat. Sci.) No. 8. v + 37 pp. [this second supplement may be available, at no charge, from the New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB, Canada E2K 1E5.]. However, we recommend that you visit the on-line, second edition of this nomenclator, HERE.
Reynolds, J.W., and D.G. Cook. 1993. Nomenclatura oligochaetologica. Supplementum tertium. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. New Brunswick Mus. Monogr. Ser. (Nat. Sci.) No. 9. vi + 33 pp. [this third supplement may be available, at no charge, from the New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB, Canada E2K 1E5.]. However, we recommend that you visit the on-line, second edition of this nomenclator, HERE.
Reynolds, J.W. and W.K. Reeves. 2004. Additional earthworm records (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae) from South Carolina, USA. Megadrilogica 9(12): 99-110.
Reynolds, J.W. and M.J. Wetzel. 2004. Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America north of Mexico. Megadrilogica 9(11): 71–98.
Reynolds, J.W., and M.J. Wetzel. 2008. Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America, including Mexico, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Bermuda. Megadrilogica 12 (12): 157–208).
Reynolds, J.W., and M.J. Wetzel. 2012. Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) in North America, including Mexico, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Bermuda. III. Megadrilogica 15(8): 191–209.
Reynolds, J.W. and M.J. Wetzel. 2023. Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica – A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Editio Secunda.
Rodriguez, P., and K.A. Coates. 1996. A new American Stylodrilus species (Lumbriculidae, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 74(1): 92–96.
Rouse, G.W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zoologica Scripta 26(2): 139–204.
Sawyer, R.T. 1986a. Leech biology and behaviour. Volume I. Anatomy, physiology, and behaviour. Clarendon Press, Oxford. xiv + pp. 1-417 + index.
Sawyer, R. T. 1986b. Leech biology and behaviour. Volume II. Feeding biology, ecology, and systematics. Clarendon Press, Oxford. xiv + pp. 419-793 + index.
Sawyer, R.T. 1986c. Leech biology and behaviour. Volume III. Bibliography. Clarendon Press, Oxford. x + pp. 799-1,065.
Sawyer, R.T., and R.M. Shelley. 1976. New records and species of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) from North and South Carolina. Journal of Natural History 10:65-97.
Sharkey, M.J. 2001. The All Taxa Biological Inventory of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Florida Entomologist 84(4): 556-564.
Siddall, M.E. 2002. Phylogeny of the leech family Erpobdellidae (Hirudinida: Oligochaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 16: 1-6.
Siddall, M.E., and E. Borda. 2003. Phylogeny and revision of the leech genus Helobdella (Glossiphoniidae) based on mitochondrial gene sequences and morphological data and a special consideration of the triserialis complex. Zoologica Scripta 32(1): 23-33.
Siddall, M.E., R.B. Budinoff, and E. Borda. 2005. Phylogenetic evaluation of systematics and biogeography of the leech family Glossiphoniidae. Invertebrate Systematics 19: 105-112.
Siddall, M.E., and E M. Burreson. 1995. Phylogeny of the Euhirudinea: independent evolution of blood feeding by leeches? Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1048-1064.
Siddall, M.E., and E M. Burreson. 1996. Leeches (Oligochaeta?: Euhirudinea), their phylogeny and the evolution of life-history strategies. Pp. 277-285, In: Coates, K.A., Tr.B. Reynoldson, and Th.B. Reynoldson, eds. Aquatic Oligochaete Biology VI. Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Aquatic Oligochaetes held in Strömstad, Sweden, September 5-10, 1994. Developments in Hydrobiology 115. [ Reprinted from Hydrobiologia Vol. 334 ].
Siddall, M.E., and E.M. Burreson. 1998. Phylogeny of leeches (Hirudinea) based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9(1): 156-162.
Sims, R.W., and E.G. Eaton. 1972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 4(3): 169-268, with 4 figures.
Smith, M.E. 1984. Aquatic Oligochaeta (Naididae) of Washington. Northwest Science 58(3): 165-170.
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Wetzel, M.J. 2001. Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) of Ravensford Wetland Area, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina. 12 pp. + Appendix. 24 September. [Submitted to the National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cherokee Orchard Road, Gatlinburg, TN.
Wetzel, M.J. 2003. The Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Annual Project Report For 2002. Project No. DLIA 2002-08. Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity Technical Report 2003 (21). 11 pp. 27 June.
Wetzel, M.J. 2004. The Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Annual Project Report For 2003. Project No. DLIA 2003-14. Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity Technical Report 2003 (7). 10 pp. 17 August.
Wetzel, M.J., S.V. Fend, K.A. Coates, R.D. Kathman, and S.R. Gelder. 2009. Taxonomy, systematics, and ecology of the freshwater oligochaetes and branchiobdellidans (Annelida, Clitellata) of North America. A workbook. 01 November. vi + 280 pp. + 4 color plates. Copyright (c) 2009. [The overall scope of this workbook is the North American continent; this serves as a compliment to the most recent guide published by R.D. Kathman and R. Brinkhurst (1998, 1999, cited above]
Wetzel, M.J., and P. Morgan. 2002a. “Worms: Segments, Hairs, Maybe Gills — Oh My!” ATBI Quarterly 3(1): 6-7 [the Winter 2002 issue]. This article summarizes the current status and findings of continuing surveys for aquatic annelids in the Park. [This newsletter is underwritten by the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, The Natural History Association, Discover Life in America, Inc., and Friends of the Smokys. ] A downloadable PDF of the Winter issue of this newsletter is available HERE using Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Wetzel, M.J., and P. Morgan. 2002b. Aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina and Tennessee. Southeastern Biology 49(4): 389-392.
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[page update: 18Nov2021; 08,10Apr2023; mjw]